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Speakers can be formulated on many different ways. The can see differently out and the can to let a lot of different. The exists despite this certain fundamental requirements on each högtalar-konstruktion. Requirements as a part can meet, but as the majority do not seem to can clear of.

An of these requirements is that the mist edge depiction will last part's good, i e free from distorsion, part's so surely scattered in lyssningsrummet that one can be located on the side about the speaker's symmetry arbor across forward and nevertheless easily to consult the mist edge good.

Another requirement is that the transient depiction will be good, which means that the sound's fast processes and changes will can to be reproduced so felfritt as possible. A transient process that is of utmost importance is the s k insvängningsförloppet. Insvängningsförloppet is the first part of a sound, that just part that initiates a new sound. Tex a tonne from a trumpet or a tonne from a violin or a spoken word.

Insvängningsförloppen, that therefore comes firstly, sets the important requirement on a speaker that this immediate will can to begin to glare out a sound that entire exercizing verge agrees with the inmatade the electrical audio. A requirement that is a lot of difficult, perhaps impossible, to meet.

Fast diaphragms

Intends you, that what the the whole applies, is that so fast that possible to accelerate in time högtalarmembranen. Has you tried to shoot in time a car so knows you what as being meant with this. The goes slowly in beginning, despite that you press quite good, and first after a while reels the car with sufficient rate. Same in the speaker. The takes a while after the that the force been set an against högtalarmembranet, before this begins to concern itself. And of course tyngre the diaphragm is, the longer time takes the to accelerate in time the. Same as with the car.

The requirement is because högtalarmembranet must last so easily as possible. Special importantlely is this in the mist edge, since the goes quickly away with the sound changes in the mist edge tonnes.

The is requested considerable högtalar-magneter in order to few fast diaphragm businesses and high effectiveness on högtalarelementen. Both the basis element - woo-fern - and the unite diskantele-mentet - tweetern - in HPM-40 has such considerable magnets.

The goes therefore to establish that the must to a correct big force in order to few in time högtalarmembranen sufficiently fast. That force may one in most cases from a number bobbin that tubes themselves in a strong magnet field that be brought forth of a permenentmagnet. That magnet sits on högtalarelementens back and farms to be round. A big magnet is needed the in order to bring forth a big force on the number bobbin and therefore can one to say that an off the criteria on a good speaker are that the magnets are considerable.

Piezoelektricitet

But the exists also another way to bring forth the force. Namely with the aid of piezoelektricitet. And the is a captivating phenomenon among the nature's different phenomena.

The most common piezoelektriska the materials are ceramic materials, t ex quartz or Rochellesalt. If one bends such a materials so arises the an electrical excitement in the. An electrical excitement that is någotsånär proportional against that declension as the material is set for. One can also go other road and påföra an electrical excitement to the material, whereupon this bends itself.

Two common examples on the piezoelektriska the function is s k kristall-pickuper where the declension brings forth excitement and “kristallhörlurar” there a påförd electrical signal - the audio - brings forth declensions that since is consulted as sounds.

HPM

Unfortunately, these materials are quite rigid, which does that the is not particularly appropriate for HiFi-bruk, where the requirement on big frequency size exists. But the solution on the problem found one at Pioneer in Japanese. The is to use a thin plastic film as man provides with part's two conductive aluminum stratum on vardera the side, part's with a “built-in” polarisationsfölt. About man since foods the two the aluminum stratum with a varying electrical excitement, sows draws the film together himself or increases in length alltefter the excitement's size and direction. A bill of exchange excitement therefore will do that the film change one ' s mind in size in line with the bill of exchange excitement's variations.

The principle for HPM - High Poly-mer film sees out so here. One uses the piezoelektriska the effect. On both sides about a special plastic film exists aluminum stratum. When an excitement E is linked to these stratum becomes the film longer or shorter alltefter the excitement's variations.

One can build HPM-element as a round cylinder or as a half cylinder. In both cases like exudes HPM-filmen in line with the sound. The photograph shows how HPM-elementet sees out on in a Pioneer speakers HPM-40, HPM-60 and HPM-100.

If one assembles this film, that is called Piezoelectric High Poly-mer film, around a cylinder, or around a half cylinder, and sets the permanent film in the winger ends against each other or against vardera the edge of the semi cylinder, sows comes the film to bend itself in line with the påmatade the bill of exchange excitement. The film concerns itself outward and inwards as the becomes bigger or smaller. The practical result is that the whole the film surface like exudes out and in in line with the audio. And the can without problems exudes a lot of forts and with big amplitudes (big rashes) about so is needed, because the whole the film surface be influenced concurrentlely of the driven piezoelektriska the force. This force seems of course namely similar on each part of the film.

Many advantages

One receives on this way a part's a lot of easy diaphragms, part's a big and fast driving force that can to accelerate the whole diaphragm so fast that is needed in order to also the mist edge sound will become correct.

Still so long, one uses HPM - High polymer film only in tweeters (diskanthögtalarelement), hörtelefoner, microphones and pick-uper, but one researches with good success on the possibility to develop the system also for bigger speakers.

HPM-filmen is okänslig for dirt and dust. The is also okänslig for moisture, which is a lot of exceptional when it comes to diskanthögtalarelement. But the best is perhaps nevertheless that the tolerates almost how big påmatad excitement as entire pcs. The is of course namely nothing that becomes hot and the only as limits allowable inmatad excitement is that impact excitement that exists between the two the aluminum proofs that sits on the both plastic film's sides. And that the impact excitement is approximately 2 000 volts in room temperature and normal humidity!

When it comes to the sound dissemination in lyssningsrummet is HPM-systemet without hesitation perfect; the goes of course namely to do högtalarelementet as a round entire homogeneous glaring cylinder. Or, as in Pioneers HPM-40, HPM-60 and HPM-100 speakers, in the form of a semi cylinder that beams homogeneous about itself with approximately 180° dissemination.

So sees HPM out on

HPM-elementen is small. The comprizes a founded double plastic mould that contains the perforated mould giving the half plate cylinder, two types' dämpmaterial and HPM-filmen with tilledningar from the two the aluminum stratum.

More in detail is shown here a the ice renown while HPM-element. In the cap t v sits HPM-filmen. H are visible the bubbly load of polyuretan that is fastenedly at the the half plate cylinder. During the plate cylinder is visible additional dämpmaterial of acetatfiber.

A complete HPM-element shows we here. T v is visible the back with the two the connection contacts and the from them pedestrian aluminiumtilledningarna. T h is shown the element's face with the the perforated plate protection before HPM-filmen.

Takes one away the bubbly load between HPM-filmen and the plate cylinder, sows sees one that the plate cylinder also is perforated. This depending on that the air will can mess itself free behind the diaphragm, i e behind HPM-filmen.

 HPM-elementen is 8 cms long, 5,5 cms broad and 2,5 cms deep and does not weigh more than approximately 40 grams!

One runs these HPM-elementen with the aid of a small transformer. The element alone is of course entirely capacitive and therefore to be requested the, along with the division filter in the speaker, both an induktans and a resistans. Them sheep one with the aid of the transformer and a series obstruction before this. In addition functions HPM-elementen on the basis of seen as which mist edge element as entire pcs, i e inkopplingen requires no additional links apart from the transformer.

Wants to you to know how one does HPM-filmen?

For you that is small more interested off how one produces HPM-filmen can we tell that the first and in front comprizes polyvinylidenfluorid and that the is produced in mist games between 8-300 [zm. In HPM-tweetern is used 30 [im mist game. In order to few film to become piezoelektrisk does one so here:

1 man stretches the film up to four aisles its original length. Sträckningen happens at a temperature between 60-100°C.

2 Aluminiumskikten spray carcass on the two the film sides.

the 3 film polariseras through that the sheep last in a strong likströmsmagnetfält at a temperature of 80-100°C during a time of 1 hour.

The process is more or less the same as used stem other piezoelektris-ka materials. When a high bill of exchange excitement the wide use of the element be linked to the film, sows interacts this bill of exchange excitement with polarisationen in the film so that the is formed hysteresslingor between the put on field and polarisationsfältet.

Delningsfrekvenser and högtalarelement

In Pioneers new HPM-högtalare works HPM-elementen as mound tonne elements - on English super-tweeters. The takes hand about the frequencies just during and above 10 000 Hz. Delningsfrekvensen in the speakers' division filters is 10 000 Hz respective 12 000 Hz. One can perhaps think that that small part of program contained that finns in that the frequency register willed not have some bigger effect on ljudkvaliten, but so is the not. The is a highest apparent sound improvement that happens with the aid of HPM-diskant-elementet. We suggest a practical lyssningsprov, which willed probably to convince you about that the assertion is correct.

Tonområdet during 10 000 Hz respective 12 000 Hz and down to next division frequency is taken about hand of another tweeter. In HPM-40 is the a 4,5 cm-tweeter with carbon fiber diaphragms. In HPM-60 is the also a 4,5 cm-tweeter, but another type, and in HPM-100 is the a third type's 4,5 cm-tweeter. All is the namely precise inmätta in your total systems. In HPM-40, the smallest of the three speakers, uses one 4 000 Hz as division frequency between 4,5 cm-tweetern and bashögtalarelementet - woofern - that is a 25 centimeter electricity intended, also the with carbon fiber diaphragms. In HPM-60 takes HPM-tweetern hand about the frequencies above 12 000 Hz, next tweeter takes hand about the frequencies between 4 000 Hz and 12 000 Hz and under that exists that a special average register on 10 cms that take hand about the frequency area         1200-4 000 Hz. This average register has also carbon fiber diaphragms. Baselementet on 25 cms takes all frequencies during 1 200 Hz. In HPM-100 is the also a special average register and moreover is the basis element a 30 centimeter electricity intended. Delningsfrekvenserna is desamma as in HPM-60

Here is the. The three HPM-högtalarna. TV HPM-40. In the centers HPM-60 and t h HPM-100.

Attackljud

A strong contributing reason to the the good attack sound, the the delicate transient depiction, in these speakers, is the carbon fiber diaphragms.

The each Pioneer that each first with introducing these new carbon fiber diaphragms. The diaphragms are the result of a research cooperation between several Japanese companies. In this case between Pioneer Electronic Corporation, closer to certain Cone Paper Development Group at Pioneers Acoustic Laboratories, and Toray Industries.

A reason to the good sound is the the steady carbon fiber diaphragm in the as well basis element that in the to unite the mist edge element. This picture shows the basis diaphragm in close-up.

Together developed man a special method to intermix kolfibrer with the previous used pappersfibrerna, so that one got forward an easier cow that concurrent where considerably stronger than the previous papperskonerna. This means in practice that the whole sexes can to work with clean piston businesses, and the considerably farther up in the frequency area than earlier. Normal for paper shoe down is namely that the “breaks up”, i.e. the begins to vibrate irregularly and to give part swings along its surface when the frequency increases. Through that the carbon fiber diaphragms are hard, sows breaks the therefore not up so easy. In addition brace carcasses the additional in the basis elements with the aid of cirkulära “ribbor” that is pressed in in the sexes the wide production. The result sees out as a type's corrugated cardboard.

Kolfibermembran lets gooder

A closer to look on kolfibrernas effect on ljudkvaliten gives the wide hand that the in front is the the bigger direction fortitude and the increased styvheten that does that the ljudmässiga the result becomes to sow good. The goes namely to do konen so a lot of easier than what as willed have been the case with common, considerably softer konpapper. Moreover, which is not the least important, gives kolflberkonpappret through your styvhet possibility to appreciably better and more even drivning of konen, from its centers where the number bobbin sitter. With soft konpapper does often this centrumdrivning that konen breaks up earlier than the in and for itself willed have done alone. With the carbon fiber paper goes the therefore excellent to run konen from its centers, also wide high sound levels.

If one measures frequency past at a högtalarelement with the paper shoe and a with the carbon fiber cow so finds one immediate that kolfiberkonen gives considerably more even frequency time, i e the frequency curve has considerably fewer ojämnheter and fast level leaps. Moreover, one finds that the frequency area up increases with the carbon fiber cow; an evidence on that uppbrytningseffekterna is more smaler interfered. Lyssningsmässigt can one describe the carbon fiber sound as more distinct and at the same time more open than that sound man sheep from conventional paper shoe down. Kolfiberkonerna contributes therefore strongly to Pioneers new sounds, but the is actually just collaboration between the hard and the easy carbon fiber diaphragm and the durable and very fast HPM-membranet that gives all the the important part tonnes in the sound their mutual correct pc trade - and time relations.

HPM-40

Tune us so describe an of the three HPM-högtalarna, namely the smallest HPM-40. In practice the while all finesses at this speaker recurs in the bigger and more complicated speakers.

We begin with the basis element that is called 25-730A and can establish that the does not see out as which basis electricity intended as entire pcs. One uses a påtagbart big ferritmagnet with 110 mm diameter. Talspolens diameter is 35 mm and lindningens length is 16 mm, i e that tube itself about a s k långslagig number bobbin, as through your long lindningslängd up itself linear also wide big rashes. Centrumpolen in the magnet is dressed with coppers. This gives small swirl power losses the wide number bobbin's businesses and moreover becomes högtalarelementets impedance påtagbart even. One sheep also a soft subsiding frequency time wide högtalarelementets band edges, which improves the sound.

HPM-40 in sprängskiss. Here, all parts that are included show in this speaker. Puts brand to the baggage Mounting Packing for as well super-tweetern HPM that pursues the other diskant-tweetern.

The magnet's centers in the basis element are dressed with a copper bonnet. This means more even impedance wide various frequencies and smaller virvelströmsför-luster.

Talspolen in the basis element has vents for better cooling.

The exists holes also in konen on the basis element in order to the air will can to circulate during center shade smooth that here is unassigned.

So here, the complete diaphragm sees out when center shade smooth also is with.

Precision. Genomföringen of tilledningarna is safe with a special plastic.

Here, the important edge is shown on the diaphragm. The edge that will intercept all kantreflexer.

Talspolen is linda on a father cylinder as on classic way is fast glued at kolfiberkonen in its centers. In the father cylinder, 6 holes are punched. These holes are used in order to air without obstruction will can to circulate on the number bobbin and the magnet so that number pole even and konens businesses do not become inhibited through that the air in the column comp rhyme avalanches. Moreover, this solution gives better cooling of the number bobbin than what as farms to last normally with paper nest bees. Such here holes exist the also in konen precisely at its nederdel. The is 4 holes and through them tubes itself that air that is in closed during the protective and at the same time frequency deciding spirit kupol that is glued at konens centers, precisely over the number bobbin. The is important that this during shade smooth formed kavitet actually can “exudes” conscientious.

The is a lot of as is important

Konen is governed in side boredom off the s k centreringen (eng damper). This comprizes an around impregnated veckat fabric. This centrering is extra big in these the basis elements in order to give reliable control of the sexes also at big konamplituder. Häri lies a big part of the secret behind different basis element performance. A poor centrering gives immediate rash in olinjäriteter also at relatively low inmatad effect to högtalarelementet.

Another finesse is that the braided koppartilledningarna to the number bobbin is specially glued and skyddsöverdragna with a plastic membrane the wide review through the sexes to the number bobbin. This is important for långtidshållfastheten. Otherwise can tilledningarna, after long time's use and vibration, goes of or become so the attenuated wide reviews that the power through them to be limited.

Around konens winger edge sits a soft edge. The is a lot of important how this edge is shaped and how soft the is. Part's will the pc corporal punishment entire konen, part's will the be so soft that no s k kantreflexioner can arise. Such reflexioner will be muffled out in the soft edge. That few edge both soft, muffling and at the same time sufficiently stable for konstyrningen is an art. And ljudkvaliten, such the is experienced at lyssningen, is direct depending on this edge's formulation. How the exact is done does not speak the factory's konstruktörer about, but that the functions, the consults one. And moreover sees one the about man allocates högtalarelementet big amplitu-der at a lot of low frequencies. The businesses are definitely even around.

To the thing consults also that all högtalarelement in this högtalar-serien is developed with the aid of as well mathematical calculations, laboratorieprov as plaster extensive lyssningsprov, of which the later actually has highly been taken into consideration at this the structure work.

How a lot of konen weighs? Tiny. The whole konen including number bobbin, centrering and edge weighs only about 25 grams.

Tweetern

The upper average register and the lower mist edge is taken about hand of a kontweeter. Also the has exceptionally abundant magnet with 55 mm diameter. Konen in this tweeter is also done of kolfibrer. The has 35 mm diameter and is approximately 5 mm deep. Talspolens diameter is 16 mm, which can be denoted as a considerable and abundant drivning for this small cow. Lindningens length is approximately 3 mm, but here concerns the itself also about small amplitudes, despite that the average register lets to sow a lot of. A finesse is that protection shade smooth in kon-centrum is glued directly on the number bobbin's nest bees and not on konen. The can seem to last of no significancely, but a so small thing means a lot of for the in front transient depiction. And in the average register is the important that all comes with conscientious if the the total transient depiction will become the correct. Therefore, extra big magnet, carbon fiber diaphragms also here, special kupolfastsättning that gives both good transient depiction and good dissemination of the sound. The whole tweeter-systemet is fastened in a plastic hood as part's seals against the back where no bass tones sheep to come in and to give intermodulations-distorsion, part's does that tweetern can be skruva permanentlely so that that ports a piece outside frontbaffeln in högtalarlådan. This has shown itself last importantlely in order to receive goodest sound dissemination. Ditto applies in addition bashögtalarelementet.

A comparison between diskant-tweeterns diaphragms, number bobbin and centrering and the basis element's number bobbin and centrering shows how strongly also tweeterns drift systems are.

A finesse at tweetern is that center shade smooth is glued on the number bobbin's nest bees and not the wide diaphragm. This means better transient depiction, which is a lot of important.

With diaphragms, centrering and number bobbin bortskurna from twee-tern sees man centers on the considerable magnet and the air gap around.

Important in HPM-högtalarna is that both the basis element and the mist edge elements is an assembled piece before frontbaffeln.

Tune us again see on how HPM-filmen sits in super-tweetern.

HPM-tweetern.

So, we are in front at the small HPM-tweetern HP-015A. Super-tweetern. The comprizes two plastic parts that are joined with skruva. The goes to skruva apart, but this is not advisable. In the unite the plastic part sits the diaphragm fastened behind a perforated protection. In the other the plastic part sits dämpmaterialen and the the half perforated plate cylinder. Behind the plate cylinder against the plastic is used a delicate type's acetatfiber as dämp-material. The moderation the average plate cylinder and HPM-membranet comprizes a surely selected bubbly load (polyuretan). In respective plastic part sits also the two tilledningarna of aluminum foil. The is important that aluminum lies against aluminum. Otherwise can the arise elektrolys that can destroy the aluminum in the diaphragm.

Normal but tailored division filters

Delningsfiltret contains two drosslar on 1,5 mH and 0,6 mH. These is linda on ferritkärnor with fairly coarse cup article councils 0 0,75 mm. That capacitor that is included in the filter's mist edge part is of extra good quality - a metal film capacitor. Moreover, the previous mentioned transformer with the turnover is included 1:10 and a thread linda obstruction and a thread linda potentiometer on 8 ohms. This potentiometer regulates the level to the two tweetrarna, so that one can set the mist edge depiction after lyssningsrummet and the own taste. Anslutningskontakterna to the speaker sits also on the strainer plaque. The is the simple and function the safe type of connection where one prints in a button, intercepts in hög-talarledningen in a small hole and releases the button. Thereby is locked högtalarledningen permanent. This filter sees simpley out and is the certainly also. The can however be reported that the lies förvånansvärt a lot of work behind the this just filter, since the is outermost carefully tailored to in the speaker detailed högtalarelement, their respective frequency time and their behavior in just this högtalarlådan.

The the important division filter in HPM-40 comprizes two bobbins with coarse thread, a metal film capacitor, an obstruction, a transformer for super-twee-tern and a twisting potentiometer stem delicate attitude off the mist edge.

Kopplingsschemat for the showed the division filter from HPM-40 clarifies the thread draw additional.

The filter from the back of the speaker. Observes the fast connection contacts.

Basreflexsystem

The carton is a basreflexlåda produced of in particular hard 15 mm pressed board that is tooth glued and edge strengthened on the inside with träklotsar. Frontbaffeln is 21 mm thick board. The carton is exactly frequent and can is not taken apart. The goes however good to come in in the about all högtalarelement is skruva loose. As regards högtalarelementen, sows sits the sealing baggage between these and the actual carton. This is also important for the sound depiction, special when it comes to a basreflexlåda that definitely only may release out sounds from högtalarkonerna and from basreflexhålet with your drum electricity.

The is all these small and surely well thought-out details that is so important for the final ljudkvaliten. Many speakers seem to see more or less alike out, but still can so many different small structure details to divide them to so important.

Low intermodulationsdistorsion

The that looks precise will detect that a paragraph in in the carton is basreflexröret prone. The is a finesse that is new. Through the declension, one prevents average register to come out or in in the carton through basreflexöppningen. Thereby, one prevents also intermodulationsdistorsion to be formed average bass tones and higher tonnes. And this is important for the sound's cleanness.

The actual basreflexprincipen does that one sheep better depiction also of low bass tones than man farms few with closed cartons. The assertion is not however general, but about one, as in this case, a lot of enough dimensionerar both basis electricity intended and carton together, sows is basreflexprincipen the best. The basis becomes so that to say never forced on this way. Listens alone!

The speaker and lyssningsrummet

To at the end some about a speaker's ways to behave in a lyssningsrum. Depending on each man sets the speaker so lets the different. In a room's corners t ex arises the basis increase through interacting rumsreflexer in the corner's surfaces. On an open wall, the sound becomes thinner and is experienced often more open. Of course, one will not set some expresses such a here direct glaring speakers, since one then intercepts the mist edge charisma. Same thing occurs about man sitter or stands sideways far too beside the speaker or behind the. Then, one does not consult the mist edge good since this does not glare to that direction. On the other hand, one consults always the basis, ty the is more or less round trawl spirit. A speaker will therefore both be assessed and normal avlyssnas so straight framifrån the as possible. When it comes to HPM-högtalarna can one however mess itself exceptional a lot of in side evil and nevertheless retain the correct lyssningsintrycket.

Frekvenskurvor

When you look on measured frequency curves will you remember that the curve applies precisely at the mätbetingelser as adviced at mättillfället. And one cannot neither only with the aid of a frequency curve and distorsionskurvor see how the speaker actually lets. On the other hand, the curves give, if one knows to mätförfarandet, the measuring instruments and dining-room going fishing specialities, a good guidance against a first selection average different types' speakers.

That measurement of HPM-40 that we show here has happened at the State's Provningsanstalt during normal mätbetingelser and with the speaker placeradi an efterklangsmätrum next to and in the middle of unite the wall and approximately 1 metres from the floor (in order to avoid among other thing basis increasing reflexfenomen). Mätresultaten shows some typical distinguish features for the this just speaker.

Longest down in the basis sees one an easy hump between 70 Hz and 150 Hz. The goes to consult also in the reality, but is aware ditlagd of konstruktörerna in order to give the speaker a correct total ring. In the mist edge from approximately 3 kilohertz and up to approximately 10 kilohertz sees we a mist edge increase. The will last where in this case, since we the satisfied speaker with the mist edge control full uppvriden på -I - 3 dB. If you compare with the curves for the division filter so sees you the resemblances. The decline in level about 2 000 Hz is found also

compared with the division filter's frequency time and is also aware ditlagt of konstruktörerna in order to shape this speaker's special ring. Over 10 kilohertz takes HPM-tweetern at. The lies on a lower level than the other tweetern, but the will the do, since its mist edge charisma is to sow effective compared with the other elements, that the level has been lowered so here a lot of in order to give correct total picture in the sound.

Be added should also, that one with the aid of the reversed component host but with maintaining of their quality can highest appreciably influence a speaker's alltell radiated sound quality as regards ring colour. On the other hand, when it comes to olinjäritetsdistorsion of various kind, sows arises such in general in poor högtalarelement, in division filters with poor components and in cartons with carton reason considers and chattering carton walls. The is not therefore safe that a speaker will have straight frequency time, such the been measured in a dining-room, in order to the will let goodest. The speaker works namely intimately together with the lyssningsrum where the is placed, and the is the combination of this lyssningsrum and the speaker's radiated effect sound curve that gives the final lyssningsintrycket. The is t ex therefore the mist edge thumbwheel exists on HPM-40.

A steady högtalarlåda of specialpressad board with brace cunnings and stagklotsar on is a part of the explanation to the clean sound.

Again. Puts brand to the careful baggage between högtalarelement and baffel. This is a lot of important in order to the carton will function.

Överst is shown a frequency curve recorded in a s k efterklangs-mätrum. Under that is visible two distorsionskurvor wide various effect. The curves are recorded on a HPM-40 whose mist edge control stood on max+3 dB.

Överst is shown a frequency curve recorded in a s k efterklangs-mätrum. Under that is visible two distorsionskurvor wide various effect. The curves are recorded on a HPM-40 whose mist edge control stood on max+3 dB.

The sk the impedance curve shows that the impedance's frequency depending is exceptionally small in this HPM-40 the speaker. The tip long down t v will be such, ty the comes from basreflexsystemet.

Our objective with this description is that part's to learn out litet högtalarkunskap in bigest general public, part's to interest you pursues Pioneers ways to solve högtalarfrågan, perhaps few you to become so interested that you choose an of these speakers, but we want to also enthusiasm era you to listening and to assess speakers so correct that possible when you choose.

                                                             Göran Mård

                                                          Votes about HPM

Has you own experiences and experiences of Pioneer´s HPM-serie so sheep you gladly to divide with you to our visitors types to info@loudandproud.se

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